Author: LS

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Arriving at the Next Stop

LS

After several days of travel, we were thankful to arrive at our next stop. We were able to break the trip up over several days, going from Munich to a small city close to Dusseldorf and Cologne on Tuesday. On Wednesday we drove the remaining distance to the wharfs just outside of Amsterdam. We were able to have lunch in view of Schiphol International Airport before spending some time at a ruin castle and then continuing onto our ferry. Wednesday late afternoon we boarded the ferry, enjoyed dinner aboard, didn’t realize that the sea sickness medication would hit us just afterward like a sledgehammer (or perhaps it was a week of hectic packing and cleaning?), and then slept well before breakfast and disembarking. Then on Thursday we drove the remaining distance, arriving early evening at our new home.

We were so thankful to be greeted by a warm meal delivered and another meal in the fridge. Both of these we unexpected blessings along with the fruit, dry goods, toys, and other things that were graciously brought to the Manse we are staying in. After all the travel, it was amazing to be blessed in this way by a church community we haven’t had a chance to meet in person yet. The Body of Christ in action is such an enormous blessing and a tremendous encouragement…especially to weary travelers (from the physical roads and the spiritual roads).

The tiny village we are staying in is a sea coastal town which can be walked end to end in a few minutes. The views are gorgeous, the Manse is spacious (larger than our now former home), the yard is very large (much to the delight of World Cup frenzied kids), and the wind is quite stiff. We are thankful for and very excited to see what new adventures the Lord has in store for us.

Today we travelled to a nearby larger town to celebrate our 11th anniversary by getting lunch as a family and wandering around to explore. There is nothing more romantic than fish and chips while keeping kids under control, but we are so thankful for the life the Lord has blessed us with. It is incredible to think about what has happened in the last 11 years.

  • We have made two international house moves
  • We have lived for more than a month in 5 different countries on 3 different continents
  • We have been blessed to adopt 5 kids
  • We have changed missions boards to focus on a different aspect of ministry and seen the Lord open the doors for ministry in 3 countries, with a 4th on the horizon
  • We have seen the Lord open the doors for teaching in Europe and beyond, getting connected to India and what God is doing there
  • We have watched as God threw us into pastoral ministry and then gave us a heart to see this have a permanent place in our future ministry role

We could list and name so many more things! Learning languages, learning cultures, learning trauma, learning how what we think is stressful can seem like a piece of cake by comparison with what God brings later. But above all, we have learned how faithful, gracious, and sovereign the Lord is. If you had told us even half of this 11 years ago, we would have laughed it off as ridiculous or maybe been more hesitant about starting down the journey. Yet, reflecting back, we can see how the Lord has prepared us for the next step and slowly, kindly led us through every storm. The seas have certainly not been calm and stiff breezes have been a constant. But the Lord has anchored us all the way through.

Even our current tempest is being used by Him for His glory and our good. It leaves us excited to think what He will do in us even as we pray He is pleased to do things through us.

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And We’re Off!

LS

We apologize for the delay, more so than usual, in getting an update out. Life went into super crazy mode over the last week. It was full of boxing, transporting, moving, cleaning, downsizing, and trying to keep an eye on 5 kids. But today, we managed to get everything into storage or our car, and pulled out of Olching, Germany. We made it to a stopping point just outside of Cologne and will continue to Amsterdam tomorrow before boarding an overnight ferry to Newcastle, England and then driving to Hilton, Scotland.

Some things we have learned over the last week:

  • As you begin packing, your stuff literally begins multiplying…it felt like a recreation of the 2 fish and 5 loaves…our things were having babies at an unbelievable rate
  • Letting go can be difficult – more to come on this later, adults can struggle with this, but our kids really were connect to stuff and sometimes the oddest things (that had no sentimental value whatsoever). We had to send a child back to the trash pile to return a plastic fly swatter which had a crack, confiscate old make up bottles, return small gift boxes (not theirs), and insist that a plastic paper holder which did not belong to them was indeed getting thrown out
  • Kids get into the most mind scratching trouble when left to their own devices because mom and dad are running around crazily trying to pack…a neighbor complaining because a kid picked up a large pine tree branch that he had set to the side (which had fallen on the sidewalk) and then relocated to the top of his car illustrates this
  • Dad felt like he should look like the Michelin tire man after moving the entire house (with the help of some amazing friends) using just our van and a one day larger car rental for heavy furniture items only to sadly realize that the reality is that he looks more like the scarecrow from the Wizard of Oz (and feels about 20 years older than his biological age)
  • Our van has a mysterious, magical ability to shrink things put into it…would you believe that all our boxed stuff and most of the furniture fit into about 6 trips with the van?
  • The heaviest, most difficult item to move is the double sided refrigerator…why that is so heavy is truly beyond belief…the three person sofa and the deep Freezer tied for close seconds
  • Friends are an incredible blessing and gift from God – we had people coming over to scrub, clean, dust, wipe, organize, sort, lift, carry, cook, babysit, store, and all kids of other things! What an enormous blessing! This move simply would not have been possible in this time frame otherwise!
  • Regulating kids whose emotions are all over the place is difficult when we are regulated ourselves…it is exhausting beyond belief when we are also teetering on the edge of meltdown. We definitely felt like we needed someone to regulate us on multiple occasions!
  • Rooms look significantly larger without stuff in them!

We could continue to list more and likely will in the coming days. But for now, this is the short list and as we prepare for our final night in Germany after having already spent our final night in our now former house, we are incredibly thankful for all of God’s blessings. The reality of a chapter closing has hit home more as we pulled out of the driveway for the final time. But it was a wonderful chance to reflect on all the many ways the Lord has richly lavished His kindness upon us. And we look forward to seeing what the next chapter has in store!

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Redemption

LS

We are currently surrounded by boxes and incredible chaos. It seems that the more you try to pack the more things get cluttered. It makes it hard to see the progress, although we are hoping we are getting near to the end.

In the midst of the chaos of moving, we are also trying to help those impacted by the chaos of the move. We have shared different aspects of trying to help children regulate. It is not a one time thing either. It is more like a daily, moment by moment type of thing. There is a ton which we have learned through this and many things that can be shared.

One of the many things that has come out of this has been the chance to talk with our kids about their past. Transitions often bring about regression especially amongst adoptive children. While all children will get stressed and perhaps revert back to some former habits, adoptive children can almost seem to move years backwards rather than just steps. Part of this has to do with transitions bringing the past back to the forefront. This can resurface dramas and hardships. It can make it hard to work through and resolve without first travelling backward in time to understand, as best as possible.

Fortunately, some of our kids habe been willing to travel back in time with us and give us some small glimpses of the past. Their story is theirs to tell and ours to guard until they do. However, suffice to say that it is not a pleasant journey either for the story teller or the audience. Multiple of them have had trouble thinking about anything positive, even the smallest positive thing about their life before the orphanage. In their words, there was nothing positive about this part of their past.

Recently, one of them was talking and the question came up about what is something they would change about their past, if possible. The most negative aspects and individuals were the quick, easy, and anticipated answer. But what was not so anticipated was what came next. The child paused for a second and then said, “But then again, if those things hadn’t happened, I wouldn’t have met you all and you wouldn’t have adopted me.” Given their story and the darkness surrounding it, this was a remarkable thought to have come out unprompted.

The amazing thought can be summarized with the word redemption. Redemption means to buy back something which was lost. It is the image of a possession sold to settle a debt or provide needed funds that is then repurchased by the original owner. A child experienced a life no one should ever have to endure, lost a family that should have been and sadly never was, and yet, through all the tragedy, is able to see how the Lord works through sin to bring about His purposes and His purposes for His own are good. It provided a great chance to share about how God is able to take pain and sin, and redeem what was lost in a glorious finale that none other could produce or even imagine.

This is the story of all of God’s adoptive children – we were lost in our sins and trespasses. Our darkness was our own making. Yet, God in His kindness did not leave us in our darkness. Rather, He stepped in, invaded with His light, and redeemed His own…bought them back, and brought them into a family.

This isn’t to say the darkness is excusable or that it is easy to say, share, hear, or feel. It is wrong and always will be. Yet, it is to say that even as evil as sin can be, God can bring about something good – not because of, but in spite of the best attempts of the darkness. Because God is a God who redeems. And that is a glorious truth worth celebrating even as the darkness is mourned over. Praise God for His redemptive work!

Now…about those boxes…perhaps something else needs some redemption…

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When Life Gives You Lemons

LS

As the saying goes, when life give you lemons, make lemonade! The past several weeks have been full of goodbyes and letting go. Learning how to handle them and how to navigate emotions can be difficult. Regulation is not something we are born naturally knowing how to do.

We have been incredibly blessed by all the amazing love, care, and support that has been poured out upon us. We could not have asked for a sweeter, kinder, more heartfelt farewell. It made us realize how much of a family we truly had surrounding us and also made leaving all the harder.

Interestingly, our kids experienced this in a different way. They loved the gifts, kinds thoughts, love and embraces they received from everyone. And yet, for most of them, there wasn’t the same level of investment. Leaving has been a different experience for us as parents and for our first adopted son whose closest connections were in the church. For our other kids, they were coming in as outsiders for a short period of time. Yet, they were able to build connections and friendships in a short period of time.

Our final Sunday was especially emotional. We were very thankful for the time at MICC and, though the full weight of the emotions hasn’t hit us entirely, it did hit us sufficiently. In fact, the first remark from our kids after the final service was that this was all their fault and we are having to leave because of them. Now, before anyone reading this worries that they might have said something that might lead to this, we do want to assure you this was not the result of any particular comments. Rather, it is an underlying concern that surfaced…a concern that can often occur when major change happens that is perceived as negative. Children often feel that perhaps things they did or said led to this and it can cause anxiety and concern.

As we have mentioned in the past, adoptive children are not necessarily different in this sense. Rather the difference lies in the degree and the intensity. They know what it is like to lose everything, even if the result ends up being better. And they also know that a driving force behind the change was the adoption. However, until the goodbyes, it didn’t quite sink in about how difficult, sad, and emotional this would be for everyone, mom and dad included, and for the church. Before that, it was just changing one location not well known or invested in for another.

It is certainly understandable why they would draw this particular conclusion. Life has given them some serious lemons – ones that are more sour than just this event and ones that keep resurfacing whenever other lemons are handed out. Their lemons are more sour than most people ever get in their entire lives. Yet, lemons provide an opportunity despite their sourness. We had the chance to talk about how family is more important to us, how we trust that God is using this to move us in His direction, that this was our decision – not their fault and that we are so thankful for them. Though the transition is difficult and we don’t want to deny that, our family comes before our location of ministry or type of ministry. It also gives us the chance to share that the harvest is ripe all over – it is not difficult to find another field to work in…it will not be the same, it won’t have the people or the same connections, but the work is not scarce. Our family, on the other hand, is not replaceable in any sense. The health of our family and the needs of our family are a higher priority.

You see, God provides an opportunity to use the lemons to squeeze the lemonade of trust, love, and a firm foundation. It will take time, lots of repetition, and these feelings don’t disappear overnight. But, by God’s grace, lemonade can be produced.

Of course there is much more to share…mom and dad have been busy with goodbyes, packing, preparing, and helping everyone regulate that we haven’t been able to fully process things ourselves. But we are thankful for the glimpse the Lord has blessed us with into how He is working. In the lives of His family, the Body of Christ, and in the lives of our family. Divine lemonade, sweet, refreshing, and redemptive.

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Pieces Falling into Place

LS

Although it has been coming down to the wire and it seems like a million things have been changing at the last possible second, the pieces are slowly beginning to fall into place. We were very thankful to discover the Brazilian passports in our mailbox today. This is one piece that allows us to breathe a bit easier and to start the application process for the electronic travel authorization required to visit the UK. We were so thankful for all the help we received from friends who walked us through this process, helped us fix the tax number complications, and helped us email the consulate to request the passports due to our approaching deadline to leave.

Another piece that has fallen into place recently is a location in Scotland opening up. We have learned that the area of Fearn, Scotland has a Free Church that could use some help and that also has a manse that we can stay in for the duration of our time there. There are still plenty of details to be discussed – exactly in what way we can best minister to and serve the congregation there, the address of the manse, etc. But we are thankful to have a general vicinity at this stage. Fearn is about 45 minutes by car north of Inverness, one of the northernmost large cities in Scotland. We have been incredibly thankful for all the help and support that we have received from MTW in coordinating this and getting things set up.

We are also thankful to have been able to finish out our time at MICC well – more to come on that in a later post. We were incredibly thankful for the send off, the warm and emotional goodbyes, the very kind words and thoughts, and the chance to rejoice together in all that the Lord has done. Today we were grateful to take part in a wedding as our final event with MICC. The Lord has put all the pieces in place for them to continue moving forward well and for that we rejoice greatly. We are thankful for the leadership He has blessed the church with and we are excited to see how He works through the new senior pastor to bless this special congregation.

Pieces are also falling into place with moving. We have been so thankful that the Lord has blessed us with storage options generously donated to us – so much so that we don’t have to pay for a storage facility as we thought we would need to. We have been overwhelmed with the number of offers to help move, pack, clean, lift, etc. It has been a tremendous blessing for which we are immensely grateful. In the midst of all the challenges and stresses that we have been facing, it is a blessing to see these bright rays breaking through the storm clouds.

And we are thankful for you! So many of you have shared how you have been reading and enjoying the blog! It is an encouragement to know someone is reading what we right…and hopefully even getting some comic relief from our chaos! Thank you for your prayers and very kind words! We are thankful for you!

Our jigsaw puzzle of life right now is incredibly complex. But thankfully the Lord knows exactly where each piece belongs and one at a time, in His good timing, He is place each piece into place. And one day we will be able to look back and see the masterpiece from what felt like absolute turmoil.

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Always Lurking Around the Corner

LS

You have probably felt like you always wished you know what someone else was thinking. Although, you might have also had the experience of learning what they were thinking and wishing you hadn’t know. Time and trust are needed for anyone to open up and especially those who have traumatic backgrounds. But there is always something lurking around the corner in adoptive children’s minds…something which makes its reappearance when things feel unsettled.

A recent conversation brought this to light. In response to the question what is your greatest fear, one child, after pensively considering the question, said, “Going back to an orphanage and especially one that was worse than the one we were in.” They had heard stories of other orphanages and what went on there. In asking if they were concerned this might happen, they responded by saying, “No, I don’t think it would really happen, but I am not really sure.” They also shared about another child they know who cycled back and forth from family to orphanage after issues with the placement family. But, they also recognized this was a different situation that they didn’t think similar to our family at all.

But this just illustrates that there is always a fear, an uncertainty lurking just around the corner. It never really goes away. And it likes to reemerge when things begin to feel unstable. It isn’t just seen in words either. Behavior can be another manifestation. Our mischievous kids? Well part of it is just plain mischievousness. However, even that is exacerbated by transitions and the monster lurking around the corner. It goes on overdrive and looks like it is on steriods.

Of course it is one thing to cognitively know this and another thing to live it. We can try to remind ourselves and make sure our responses factor this in…and yet, in the heat of the moment, monsters can seem out of sight and out of mind. And of course, there is no guarantee that the monsters will ever go away entirely. But, with much patience, prayer, and by the grace of God, they can shrink and be met with assurances that family is forever and nothing can change that. This is the beauty of the work of God – it can redeem even that which seems destructive and provide an opportunity out of a nightmare. We pray we can continue to model the security and love of God to our children…and each other even as we are also trying to balance our own chaos and rollercoaster ride.

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Turning up the Heat

LS

The past week we have been enduring some record level heat, especially for this time of year. While many of you might live in places where temperatures routinely soar above 32 C/90 F, without air conditioning and with very little breeze, it can be quite miserable. Adding this into our final week at MICC, a ticking time clock on our stay in Germany, and lots of goodbyes starting to happen, it has us all a little exhausted.

And of course, it seems that just about that same time the heat gets turned up. It always seems to come in massive waves. Michelle was trying to cram for her language test that she took earlier this week, Luke moved a van full of boxes already packed (it was shocking how much would fit into our “bus”!), four bookshelves, two side tables, our outdoor furniture, an office storage drawer, a piano, and another of odds and ends over the process of 3 days. We are so thankful for the extreme generosity of friends allowing us to store things at their places. But in the heat, it made for an extreme workout, and Luke is discovering how much older he is than he would like to imagine…and how his body does not recover the way it once did.

And then the heat gets turned up even more. We have mentioned some mischievous kids before, haven’t we? Well, this week has been full blown mischievousness. A 2am decision to get a snack. The drink of choice? Vinegar mixed with salt…and not the “normal” vinegar (which is still stronger than the American variety), but the vinegar essence, which is either used for cleaning, added in very small amounts, or diluted with water. The snack food of choice? Chewing gum. How did we discover this? Well, Luke was wondering when certain lights were on, but had initially chalked it up to being too tired to remember to turn them off. Then Michelle discovered someone complaining of a stomachache…and little wonder why with that diet. While Luke was off carting a load and a kind friend was watching the kids, the mischievous ones convinced our friend that they were allowed to water the plants, beginning by carting water in plastic storage tubs from the kitchen. When our friend rightly perceived that we would probably not approve of water getting splashed all over the wood floors, they went outside and dismantled the hose (which specifically had the attachments hidden to prevent usage) to continue their task. Then in the midst of trying to pack, while Michelle was getting her prescription filled, Luke heard technological noises upstairs. The mischievous ones had been trying to convince Michelle’s iPad Siri to obey their commands and promptly ran out the door as they heard Luke ascending the stairs (which always is amazing how kids somehow think that isn’t a dead giveaway). Luke then discovered that they had also decided to engage in baking (despite NOT being allowed to use the oven) and had chosen to set the stuffed animals in at 200 C to “dry them”.

As you might imagine, we have all the heat we can handle and then some! We keep praying for patience (which can be hard to come by when temperatures inside are only marginally less than outside), wisdom, and the ability to remember that all of us are under stress and that transitions can trigger and cause some serious relapses. The heat has been turned up…thankfully we know the Lord will not allow us to roast forever. He will bring cooler weather at His timing, and until then, we will continue to trust His gentle kindness and mercies.

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Some Light at the End of the Tunnel

LS

This past week we managed to get a hopeful glimmer of light at what we pray is the end of the citizenship tunnel. Our lawyer was able to transfer our N600-K applications to California. She indicated the USCIS office there was already beginning to review the application. This certainly was hopeful, especially when she indicated that our requested appointment date of October should be very doable.

We are very thankful to have some ballpark dates to be aiming for as it will allow us to also begin making plans for the 6 month window we will have to be stateside. Of course, there are all kinds of ways that things can go wrong and we are somewhat scarred from our experience thus far. However, even if things don’t go as quickly as the lawyer suggested, the official case adjudication time frame for 80% of applications is 6 months. That is significantly faster than the 65 months St. Louis is now quoting and will fall within the 6 month tourist visa timeframe for Scotland.

All of this is the first glimmer of light we have seen in a long time. We are still praying for the hand of the Lord to continue to guide everything and would be most grateful if you would be praying for this too. We still have many things to figure out and, as we have learned very well over the last few months, nothing is official until we get an official notice. The next step is seeing where in Scotland we can be of most help, travelling there in mid July, awaiting the official citizenship hearing date, applying for B2 (non-immigration) visas, and then travelling to the states. Although it is just a glimmer, having some light at the end of the tunnel is a great blessing especially when the tunnel has seemed to be unending. We are thankful for the Lord’s work and kindness and pray He will continue to allow the N600-K applications to move forward.

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Some Days You Just Get By

LS

Life can be overwhelming at times. And our has seemed to have plenty of days when survival is a success in our books. It’s not necessarily one overwhelmingly, big thing. It is more like the cumulative effect of a million little things.

Take some of our kids. We have a few who are the dictionary definition of mischievous. Of course every child has a bit of this in them. But we are talking about months of mischievous behavior that can leave us exhausted both physically, but especially emotionally. What do we mean by mischievous? Things keep happening that they know aren’t supposed to occur and that we have sought to take measures against, but that they still keep finding ways to do. Our garden hose keeps getting turned on and left on despite removing all the attachments so that it cannot actually be used…but it does slowly drip a bit until we notice it was left on…again…not to mention the night Luke returned late to discover it was disassembled and undone.

The shower is another crime scene. We have removed the spray nozzle from the shower and the nearby bathtub because water was getting sprayed all over the bathroom despite us trying to talk about this, clearly explain the rules, and ask them to not use the nozzle. Despite the nozzles being removed completely, water is still getting into the bathtub (which is not being used). Body wash has been disappearing at an extremely rapid rate. Our attempt at a solution? Use a pump bottle so that the cap would remain on, closed, and not dumped all over the floor. The mischievous counter play? Take the pump top off and dump it sideways in the bathtub right after it was refilled. Floor mats have been laid and instructed to be kept down to keep the water in the bathroom. Towels need to be kept in the bathroom to avoid being left on the wood floor (despite repeated requests). Despite that, we go up to discover water coming out of the bathroom onto the wood floors, with soaking wet towels used to mop some of it up and then left, naturally, on the wood floor.

We know these are minor things that happen in households around the globe. And normally they are frustrations that we try to resolve, protect against, and patiently use to teach. However, some days we are just barely getting by…and it just seems to be more than a bit over the top.

Some days you just get by. Making it to the end of the day with everyone alive and our sanity very barely intact can seem like a success…or perhaps a survival tactic.

But, one of the interesting features of barely making it to the end of the day m, gives us an opportunity to see how God grants new mercies each day. That promise has new meanings for us. Some days His mercies are overflowing and we navigate the challenges they way we would love to. Other days His mercies are sufficient for us to barely get to the end…and it doesn’t look pretty…and we aren’t always in our best form…but nevertheless, His mercies are evident and for that, we are incredibly grateful. Because some days you just get by…but all days it is by the mercies of God which are new each day.

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Learning to Play

LS

As we have been on the adoptive journey for over 7 years now, we have taken an interest in learning from others who have been down similar roads. There are many things that can be gained from the experiences of others and it is helpful to hear the perspectives of those walking a familiar path. One of the interesting concepts that has popped up from time to time has been how those in foster care or in adoption often struggle to use their imagination.

In part this ought to make sense – for much of their lives their mental capacities have been occupied with survival. Even things like transitions and change occupy a significant amount of our energy reserves. Moving from one place to the next fills us with a lot of busywork, which is necessary to accomplish. This means that we often temporarily set aside hobbies, free time activities, leisurely things. For us, we make a short term sacrifice in order to set up something long term. We know that we will resume these things before too long and so there isn’t any great harm in sacrificing them for a bit. However, for kids who are facing signficant challenges – often much greater than what most adults face in their lifetime – including constant change, you can imagine how much of their brain space gets devoted to this. Finding ways to survive and to handle transitions occupies an enormous part of their processing abilities.

What this can lead to is a lack of space, safety, and ability to do the leisurely. To learn how to relax – because the guard was always needing to be up and high. It can also mean things like play can almost seem like a foreign concept. This is something we often don’t think too much about because it is a skill which is often developed early in life when there is a stable situation at home, with parents who engage their young kids in play. Space and security help to foster these imaginative abilities. By the time kids reach early adolescence, play becomes both normal and a bit of an expertise.

So it can be strange and somewhat surprising for older adoptees to not really know how to play. This shows up in a variety of ways – it might be moving very rapidly from one “game” to the next because after a very short period of time they have run out of developed imaginative abilities. It isn’t so much that they are bored, but that they are bored because they don’t really know what else to do far faster than average. It also might mean that they don’t actually play with toys or just a very select few, because they aren’t sure how to actually make up a scenario in their heads. And this may differ with age. Our younger ones do better at playing than the older ones, because they have been just slightly less impacted by the transitions and changes…or have been impacted for less overall time.

A way this is practically seen is in how our Lego collection lay unused for months. Now, not everyone enjoys Legos and there is nothing wrong with that. However, the older children always gave the excuse that Legos were boring and never even gave it a try. Several weeks back, however, something changed. One of the kids finally decided to give Legos a try. He even convinced dad to spend a bit of time playing with him as they set out to build the most decked out car possible. Soon some of the other kids wandered in and gave it a go. While Legos are not suddenly the hottest new thing, nor do they spend significant time playing with them, what has been interesting is that all of the kids will now and then pick up the Legos. In fact, rather than calling them boring, they have now said they like Legos and find them interesting.

What is happening? They are starting to learn how to play. Expectations have to be changed – think about a baby…they are quickly bored of whatever toy they have in part because they haven’t yet developed skills how to play. Parents over time, teach this to their infants and with time more and more energy is spent on the same toy and it can happen more independently. Our children are starting more from the beginning in some senses. They won’t play with any particular toy very long still. But with time, they are starting to slowing develop their imaginations. They are slowly learning how to play. They are getting to go backward in time in order to catch back up on things that they never had. This is one more illustration of how biological age can be very misleading. A child’s age might be 15 or 13 or 10, but their abilities in certain areas might be more like 8 or 6 or 5. But with a lot of time, patience, and care, the gap can be closed. And even older kids can learn the wonderful skill known as “play”.